Exoplanets and Quranic References to “Earth-like Worlds”

In recent decades, astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets—planets outside our solar system. Some of these planets may have conditions suitable for life, sparking deep scientific and theological conversations. Interestingly, the Quran contains verses that many scholars interpret as referring to the existence of multiple “Earth-like” worlds. Could ancient scripture be aligning with modern astrophysics? In this article, we explore this exciting intersection of Quranic thought and scientific discovery.

Quranic Verses Hinting at Multiple Worlds

“Rabb al-‘Alamin” – Lord of the Worlds

The phrase “Rabb al-‘Alamin” appears repeatedly in the Quran. It literally means “Lord of the Worlds.” This plural usage hints at more than one world under Allah’s dominion, possibly including physical worlds beyond Earth.

Surah At-Talaq 65:12 – Seven Heavens and Seven Earths

This verse mentions the creation of seven heavens and the same number of Earths. Many scholars consider this a potential reference to parallel worlds or realms, which may include Earth-like planets.

Surah Ash-Shura 42:29 – “He Scattered Creatures Throughout”

The Quran states: “And among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and whatever living creatures He has dispersed throughout them.” This could be seen as suggesting the presence of life beyond Earth.

The Science Behind Exoplanets

What Are Exoplanets?

Exoplanets are planets that orbit stars outside our solar system. Since the first confirmed discovery in 1992, thousands have been found through missions like Kepler and TESS.

Habitable Zones

A planet’s potential to support life depends heavily on its position in the “Goldilocks zone”—not too hot, not too cold. Many discovered exoplanets lie within this zone.

Earth-like Discoveries

Planets such as Kepler-452b and TOI-700d resemble Earth in size and temperature. These worlds intrigue scientists as potential candidates for extraterrestrial life.

Philosophical and Theological Implications

The Concept of a Creator of All Worlds

If Earth isn’t the only habitable planet, it emphasizes the Quranic message of Allah being the Creator of all realms and beings, not just those on Earth.

Life Beyond Earth and Islamic Theology

Islam does not explicitly deny the possibility of life elsewhere. In fact, the Quran’s verses allow room for such an idea without theological conflict.

Humility in Knowledge

The Quran repeatedly reminds humanity of its limited knowledge. Discovering exoplanets aligns with this, showing that we are still learning the vastness of Allah’s creation.

Historic Islamic Thought and Cosmology

Medieval Muslim Astronomers

Thinkers like Al-Farabi, Al-Biruni, and Al-Sufi speculated about the structure of the universe in ways that were ahead of their time.

The "Many Worlds" in Tafsir Literature

Some classical Islamic commentators interpreted "worlds" as referring to different realms of beings—humans, jinn, animals, angels, or even other Earth-like domains.

The Role of Curiosity in Islam

Islam historically encouraged scientific exploration. Quranic verses often prompt reflection on the natural world as a means of appreciating divine wisdom.

Quranic Wording and Cosmic Plurality

• The plural “heavens” and “earths” appears in many Quranic verses.

• Terms like samaawaat (heavens) suggest cosmic expansiveness.

• The language used in many ayahs encourages open interpretation within scientific boundaries.

• The Quran often addresses not just the seen world, but unseen realms as well.

Scientific Developments in Exoplanet Discovery

• NASA has confirmed over 5,000 exoplanets as of 2025.

• James Webb Space Telescope is studying exoplanet atmospheres.

• Some planets show signs of water vapor, a building block of life.

• Advancements in telescope technology continue to fuel discoveries.

Faith Meets Modern Astrophysics

• Quranic worldview encourages understanding Allah's creation through observation.

• Scientific findings don’t contradict the Quran but often support its broader cosmological scope.

• Many modern Muslim scientists find their faith reinforced by such discoveries.

• Dialogue between religion and science strengthens both fields when based on mutual respect.

Practical Reflection for Muslims Today

• Recognizing Allah’s vast creation nurtures humility.

• Deepens our understanding of divine knowledge and mercy.

• Encourages Muslims to engage in scientific learning and discovery.

• Promotes awe and gratitude toward the Creator’s infinite power.

Conclusion

As the universe unfolds through modern science, we continue to find resonance with the timeless wisdom of the Quran. The possibility of “Earth-like worlds” beyond our own is no longer fantasy—it’s active science. The Quran’s references to multiple “worlds” and “earths” align with these developments, showing how divine revelation and scientific inquiry can work hand in hand. At Muhammadan Quran School, we encourage such reflection in our online Quran classes for children and adults, fostering both spiritual and intellectual growth.